Maps of Central Europe, 1789-1815: The Effects of French Revolution & Napoleon's Ambition

Maps of central Europe, showing France's annexation of territory during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

Map of France before the Revolution. (Double click on any image to enlarge.)

The countries of central Europe in 1789, prior to the Revolution, had the borders shown below.

From 1789-1799, the borders of France expanded, as shown below. The map shows territory "acquired" during Napoleon's Italian campaigns of 1798 and 1799 (prior to his becoming First Consul).

In 1811, the French empire had expanded, as shown below.

A comparison of the boundaries of France in 1810 and in 1815, after Napoleon's abdication and the treaty.

James Guthrie, Army Surgeon

One of the heroes of the Peninsular War, in the opinion of my soldiers, was Army Surgeon James Guthrie. The article explains why the soldiers and officers had such a high opinion of him.

(The image at right is a mezzotint published by William Walker in 1853 of an earlier portrait by Henry Room.)


http://www.waterloo200.org/articles/surgeon-george-james-guthrie-wellingtons-combat-surgeon/

Despite the bad conditions under which they worked, Guthrie and his assistants had a very good recovery rate.

Susannah